Keystone and Indicator Animals List

As part of measuring biodiversity in a given greenspace, it is key to keep a watchful eye on the species that spend time in it. Certain species play vital roles in complex ecosystems, and others indicate the health of their environment. Identifying these species can tell you a lot about interactions you would otherwise have more difficulty quantifying. These species are categorised as ‘Keystone’ and ‘Indicator’ animals.

• Keystone animal species typically control prey populations, facilitate seed dispersal, or perform other critical ecosystem functions.
• Indicator animal species typically indicate environmental health and signal ecosystem changes.

Below, we’ve collated an extensive list that contains many keystone and indicator animal species and their functions to help you if you are interested in identifying species at any point in your greenspace journey. Use the tabs at the bottom to navigate between animal types. Please click here to download a copy of this list, including a search function. If you are aware of any other keystone or indicator species that you think should be included in this list, please email arc.archie@simmondsmills.com